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The application of acid for 10 minutes on the top of an electrolyte made of barium, cerium, and zirconium can etch grooves into the surface and remove segregating elements, improving the performance of intermediate-temperature electrolyzers based on protonic ceramic electrochemical cells. Scientists from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology MIT have applied the process to address the low proton conductivity of cells. Their acid-treated cells produced about 200% more hydrogen per area at 1.5 V at 600 C than did any previous cell stanley cup of it stanley cup s type, and worked well down to 350 C with very little performance decay over extended operation, the institute s Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering said. The team also found out that the top surface of the dense electrolyte is usually flat. In contrast, the bottom surface of the porous electrode sitting on it is bumpy, and the two come into contact in only a few places. That precarious interface leads to both structural de-lamination and poor proton passage from the electrode to the electrolyte, said Ju Li, a paper co-author, likening the method to sandblasting a surface before applying paint to increase adhesion. A growing body of research is currently analyzing the options of electrolyzers working at temperatures between 350 C to stanley cup 600 C. The interest in electrolyzers working at these intermediate temperatures is growing. Reduced operating temperature enables cheaper materials for the large-scale assembly, inc |